Knee Arthritis: Causes, Types, Symptoms & Treatment 

At Southern Orthopaedic Surgeons, we understand how frustrating and painful knee arthritis can be. Whether you’re walking across the room or training for your favorite sport, arthritis in the knee can make even simple movements a challenge. 

Knee arthritis is one of the most common forms of joint disease, affecting millions of people around the world—and it can take many different forms depending on your age, medical history, and the underlying cause of the condition. 

What Is Knee Arthritis? 

Arthritis is inflammation of the joints, and in the knee, that inflammation often leads to pain, stiffness, swelling, and limited movement. Over time, arthritis can wear down the protective cartilage that cushions your knee joint, making everyday activity painful. 

Types of Knee Arthritis 

Not all arthritis is the same. At Southern Orthopaedic Surgeons, we diagnose and treat all major types of knee arthritis, including: 

Osteoarthritis 

The most common form of arthritis—especially in adults over 50—osteoarthritis is caused by long-term wear and tear of the cartilage inside the joint. 

Cause: 
As cartilage breaks down with age or use, the bones in the knee begin to rub directly against each other. This can lead to pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited motion. 

Post-Traumatic Arthritis 

A form of osteoarthritis that develops after a knee injury such as a torn meniscus or ACL. 

Cause: 
When you’ve had a significant knee injury in the past, it can speed up the breakdown of cartilage. Even after the injury heals, arthritis may develop years later. 

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) 

Unlike osteoarthritis, RA is an autoimmune condition—meaning the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy joint tissue. 

Cause: 
RA often affects joints symmetrically, so if you have it in one knee, it’s likely to show up in the other. The exact cause isn’t fully understood, but genetics, hormones, and environmental factors likely play a role. 

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) 

Similar to RA, but seen in children and teens rather than adults. 

Cause: 
JIA is also thought to be autoimmune or autoinflammatory in nature. Kids with JIA may experience joint swelling, stiffness, and even systemic symptoms like fever and rash. 

Reactive Arthritis 

This is a rarer form of arthritis that can affect the knees—and other parts of the body—after an infection. 

Cause: 
Reactive arthritis typically begins after a bacterial infection in the urinary or gastrointestinal tract. In addition to joint pain, it can cause eye inflammation and urinary symptoms. 

Common Symptoms of Knee Arthritis 

If you’re dealing with knee arthritis, you may notice one or more of the following: 

• Pain or stiffness, especially after activity 
• Swelling around the joint 
• Clicking, cracking, or grinding during movement 
• Decreased range of motion 
• A sensation of “grating” or “scraping” in the joint 
• Fluid buildup in or around the knee 
• In children with JIA: fever or rash 

When Is It Time to Consider Surgery? 

If knee arthritis is significantly interfering with your daily life, work, or mobility, it may be time to explore surgical treatment options. 

We offer both partial and total knee replacements, depending on the severity and location of the arthritis. These procedures are designed to restore function, relieve pain, and help you return to the activities you love. 

Personalized Knee Arthritis Care in Montgomery, AL 

At Southern Orthopaedic Surgeons, we offer expert diagnosis and treatment for all forms of knee arthritis. Whether you’re managing early symptoms or exploring advanced surgical options, our team is here to support your recovery every step of the way. 

Schedule a consultation with one of our knee specialists today—and take the first step toward lasting relief.